Structural Engineering

Blast-furnace slag clinker before grinding Ground, granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) is another industrial by-product sometimes…

Introduction Concrete is a widely used structural material consisting essentially of a binder and a…

Pozzolans Other materials may be blended with Portland cement to meet special requirements and environmental…

ASTM Specification C-150 provides standards for eight different types of Portland cement: ·         Type I is…

There are four stages in the manufacture of portland cement: (1) crushing and grinding the…

Composition Portland cement consists essentially of compounds of lime (calcium oxide, CaO) mixed with silica…

Cements may be used alone (i.e., “neat,” as grouting materials), but the normal use is…

Concrete is a composite material consisting of a binder, which is typically cement, rough and…

Contrary to popular belief, concrete and cement are not the same thing; cement is actually…