The following aspects should be considered when designing for cost. These aspects should be consider…

​Reinforced Concrete vs Steel Concrete is a mix of aggregate, cement, reinforcement (for reinforced concrete)…

Structures should be designed and constructed to resist loading combinations under these limit states. ULS…

Structure Requires Good Sound and Thermal Insulation Required- Concrete members should have sufficient thickness. Cavity…

Possible Constraints: 1.    The constraint of the site can affect placement or availability of site offices…

Existing underground structure under proposed building? Yes- Ground slabs on top of the existing underground…

Progressive collapse Story Number < 4 stories Progressive collapse is not critical. However, the structure…

Active soil pressures are generally used for soil load calculations. Active pressures are applied loads…

Wind load values are based on the height of the structure, in which design wind pressures with…

These loads are often used for scheme design purposes. It should be noted that these…